In December 2019, researchers at the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) identified the sudden brightening of the nucleus within galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter Ansky).

Type Ia supernovae are a crucial class of astronomical events in the study of cosmology, due to their use as standard candles.

The Friedmann equation, derived from general relativity, governs the expansion of spacetime. However, it was found incompatible with observations, notably the universe’s accelerating expansion.