It is well established that within the next 4.5 billion years, the Milky Way and Andromeda (M31) galaxies will collide.

In recent years, observations of our nearest galactic neighbour, Messier 31 (M31) or the Andromeda galaxy, have identified that the system has undergone a tumultuous history.

Multiple recent studies have focused on galaxies to lift the veil on their formation - by looking at their radio lobes, building computer models or even diagnosing a broken spiral arm.