It is not quite understood why we are able to observe supermassive black holes (SMBHs) early in our universe’s history. Leading theories can be separated into two camps.

Once a star has exhausted the nuclear fuel available in its core, it can no longer exert the necessary outward pressure to counteract the gravitational pressure from its own mass.

Since its launch in late 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revolutionized our view of the universe, giving us unprecedented details of distant galaxies and stars.