Current planetary formation models propose that as the gas and dust around a young star cools, refractory materials begin to condense.

Our standard model of cosmology, known as ΛCDM, is predicated on the existence of dark matter (DM), introduced to explain a variety of observational discrepancies, such as the unexpectedly fast rotation of galaxies, gravi

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are a class of exoplanets that are both massive and extremely hot, making them prime targets for atmospheric characterisation.

Shortly after the Big Bang, the early universe was an ultra-hot and dense soup of fundamental particles, including charged electrons and photons. In this environment, photons constantly bounced off the free electrons.

It is well established that within the next 4.5 billion years, the Milky Way and Andromeda (M31) galaxies will collide.

Black holes are known to exhibit a striking diversity in their size. At the lower end are stellar-mass black holes, typically ranging from about 3 to 150 solar masses (M☉).

As a young protostar forms, angular momentum conservation dictates that any small rotational terms are amplified under contraction.

White dwarfs (WDs) represent the final evolutionary stage of low- and medium-mass stars, the inert remnants of red giant cores.

A group of international researchers have found that super-earths are more common across the universe than we previously thought.

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The interstellar medium (ISM) is typically divided into distinct regions, each defined by specific properties such as density, temperature, and composition. Among these, molecular clouds represents the densest phase.

The exoplanet K2-18 was discovered in 2015 and has since emerged as one of the most promising candidates in the search for habitable worlds.