In this tutorial, Telescope Live tutor Bernard Miller demonstrates two practical sharpening techniques in Photoshop to enhance fine and large-scale structures in astronomical images—without over-processing stars or the background. Using M51 as a working example, Bernard walks through the following steps:

Layered High Pass Filtering:
- Create multiple duplicate layers and apply high pass filters at different radii to separately target large and small features.
- Use soft light blending modes and adjust layer opacities for subtle, controlled sharpening.

Selective Masking:
- Use layer masks and brushes to apply sharpening only to specific areas like galaxy arms while protecting stars and background space from over-enhancement.

Linear Light Technique with Desaturation:
- Apply a desaturated high pass filter combined with noise reduction and blend using linear light mode at reduced opacity for an extra boost of crispness.

These techniques are ideal for astrophotographers looking to selectively enhance structure and contrast while maintaining a clean and natural image.